Modular switched reluctance machines to be used in automotive applications

In the last decades industry, including also that of electrical machines and drives, was pushed near to its limits by the high market demands and fierce competition. As a response to the demanding challenges, improvements were made both in the design and manufacturing of electrical machines and drives. One of the introduced advanced technological solutions was the modular construction. This approach enables on a hand easier and higher productivity manufacturing, and on the other hand fast repairing in exploitation. Switched reluctance machines (SRMs) are very well fitted for modular construction, since the magnetic insulation of the phases is a basic design requirement. The paper is a survey of the main achievements in the field of modular electrical machines, (especially SRMs), setting the focus on the machines designed to be used in automotive applications

Comparative analysis of Landsat TM, ETM+, OLI and EO-1 ALI satellite images at the Tisza-tó area, Hungary

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African Studies in Hungary: The African Research Centre of the University of Pécs

The paper gives a short overview of the history of Hungarian research concerning Africa which has been conducted over the past two centuries, and it concentrates on the activity of the Eötvös Loránd University of Budapest and the University of Pécs, especially on the creation and achievements of the African Research Centre of the latter

Comparative analysis of Landsat TM, ETM+, OLI and EO-1 ALI satellite images at the Tisza-tó area, Hungary

Satellite images are important information sources of land cover analysis or land cover change monitoring. We used the sensors of four different spacecraft: TM, ETM+, OLI and ALI. We classified the study area using the Maximum Likelihood algorithm and used segmentation techniques for training area selection. We validated the results of all sensors to reveal which one produced the most accurate data. According to our study Landsat 8’s OLI performed the best (96.9%) followed by TM on Landsat 5 (96.2%) and ALI on EO-1 (94.8%) while Landsat 7’s ETM+ had the worst accuracy (86.3%)

NDVI as a Proxy for Estimating Sedimentation and Vegetation Spread in Artificial Lakes — Monitoring of Spatial and Temporal Changes by Using Satellite Images Overarching Three Decades

Observing wetland areas and monitoring changes are crucial to understand hydrological and ecological processes. Sedimentation-induced vegetation spread is a typical process in the succession of lakes endangering these habitats. We aimed to survey the tendencies of vegetation spread of a Hungarian lake using satellite images, and to develop a method to identify the areas of risk. Accordingly, we performed a 33-year long vegetation spread monitoring survey. We used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) to assess vegetation and open water characteristics of the basins. We used these spectral indices to evaluate sedimentation risk of water basins combined with the fact that the most abundant plant species of the basins was the water caltrop (Trapa natans) indicating shallow water. We proposed a 12-scale Level of Sedimentation Risk Index (LoSRI) composed from vegetation cover data derived from satellite images to determine sedimentation risk within any given water basin. We validated our results with average water basin water depth values, which showed an r = 0.6 (p < 0.05) correlation. We also pointed on the most endangered locations of these sedimentation-threatened areas, which can provide crucial information for management planning of water directorates and management organizations

Nanovesicles for drug delivery across blood-brain barrier: a cell culture study

Efficient drug delivery across biological barriers is a central problem in pharmaceutical treatment of diseases. Most pharmaceutical drug candidates including hydrophilic molecules, biopharmaceuticals, and efflux transporter ligands have a low permeability across barriers. To solve this unmet therapeutical need colloidal drug delivery systems targeting physiological transporters of barriers hold a great promise. Nanosized, biocompatible and biodegradable vesicles containing Evans blue-albumin as a model molecule were prepared and characterized by our partners at the University of Szeged. The aim of our study was to test the cellular toxicity and penetration across barriers of nanovesicles loaded with albumin and containing ligands for solute carrier proteins. Primary rat and human hCMEC/D3 brain endothelial and Caco-2 human intestinal epithelial cells were used as in vitro model sytems of the blood-brain and intestinal barriers, respectively. The cellular toxicity of the nanoparticles was measured by real-time cell microelectric sensing (RTCA-SP, ACEA Biosciences) and MTT assay. The results of the MTT assay and impedance measurement for vesicles without targeting molecule correlated well. The uptake of targeted and loaded nanovesicles interfered with the colorimetric MTT assay in brain endothelial cells because of Evans blue, therefore kinetical data from impedance measurements were more informative on the cellular toxicity of these nanoparticles. The non-toxic doses determined by the cell viability tests proved to be optimal for further studies. The presence of glucose analogue in nanovesicles increased the uptake of the model molecule to cultured brain endothelial cells indicating that ligands for solute carrier proteins can be used for targeting brain endothelial cells